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“超高难度”色盲检测图刷屏网络！网友：我真的是隐性色盲吗？_我的网站

A |           　　最近，一张超高难度的色盲测试图在网上刷屏，明明视力正常却认不出图中数字，AI识别也频频翻车。    At least 14 Americans have been killed as the Israel-Hamas conflict continues, according to President Joe Biden."As we continue to account for the horrors of the appalling terrorist assault against Israel this weekend and the hundreds of innocent civilians who were murdered, we are seeing the immense scale and reach of this tragedy," he said in a statement on Monday.The statement continued, "It's heart-wrenching. These families have been torn apart by inexcusable hatred and violence...My heart goes out to every family impacted by the horrible events of the past few days."It's currently unclear how many Americans are among those missing or might have been taken hostage, but Biden said in a statement on Monday that it's "likely" American citizens are being held hostage by Hamas.Here's what we know about the U.S. victims so far:

Hayim Katsman, 32

The first American citizen identified is 32-year-old Hayim Katsman, who had been living in Israel, his mother told ABC News.Hannah Katsman said she initially thought her son had been taken hostage, but later learned he had been killed when Hamas militants burst into his apartment.She said he and a female neighbor were hiding in a closet when they were found. The neighbor was released but her son was shot dead and his body was found in his apartment, she said."[I've] been getting so many messages from people who worked with Hayim or who knew him, or who met him during their travels and how warm he was, how open," Hannah Katsman told ABC News. "He was a very accepting person and [a] very loyal friend, good sense of humor. He took things in stride."According to the University of Washington's Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, Hayim Katsman received his Ph.D. in 2021 with his research focusing on "the interrelations of religion and politics in the Middle-East, focusing on Israel/Palestine."。不少人对着手机屏幕反复确认，怀疑自己“是不是隐性色盲”。      　　这张图到底是如何检测一个人的辨色能力的?为什么视力正常的人也会答错?驾照、职业体检的色觉标准又是什么?　　色盲图测的不是视力　　而是辨色差      　　我们平时见到的、由彩色小圆点组成、藏着数字或图案的测试图，在医学上有个正式名字——假同色图。

B |      　　首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科副主任医师田磊介绍，这类图谱的设计逻辑是把图案和背景的明暗度拉到接近水平，只依靠细微的颜色差异区分信息。人眼视网膜上有三类视锥细胞，分别对应不同波长的光敏感，构成了人眼感知红、绿、蓝三色的生理基础。正常色觉者能捕捉到这些细微色差，把数字从背景里“分离”出来;而红绿色觉异常者分辨红绿差异的能力下降，图案就会和背景“融”在一起。     　　田磊强调，假同色图检查有非常严格的前提：必须在标准光照、固定观看距离、规定时长内，使用合格的纸质原版图谱完成。我们在网上看到的图，大多经过扫描、拍照、多次压缩，再经过不同亮度、色温的电子屏幕显示，颜色早已偏离了原始标准，原本的辨色题很容易变成“猜图形题”。     　　另外，标准色觉检查要看一组图，而不是一张图，单张图答错，不能诊断为色盲。因此，对着手机自测只能当娱乐，绝不能以此给自己下“色盲”的诊断。     　　针对“AI也会认错色盲图”的热议，田磊解释，人眼和AI的识别逻辑不同，人眼是通过视锥细胞感知光波，再经视网膜和大脑形成色觉，是生理性判断;而AI更多的是依靠训练中学到的轮廓、纹理、形状来识别图中内容，色盲图刻意弱化了形状信息，在传播中又损失了色差，AI就只能靠轮廓“猜答案”，出错也就不奇怪了。　　色盲≠色弱　　驾照和职业体检到底卡在哪?      　　比起“能不能认出图”，更多人关心的是色觉异常会不会影响考驾照、找工作。田磊介绍，我国现行机动车驾驶证体检对辨色力的核心要求，是无红绿色盲。原因很直观：交通信号体系里，红、绿分别承担“停止”和“通行”的核心信息，直接关系道路安全。     　　但公众普遍存在一个误区：认为色弱和色盲完全一样，觉得“只要色弱就不能开车”。田磊明确表示，色弱依然能分辨相关颜色，只是在颜色接近时分辨能力下降。轻度色觉异常是否符合驾驶要求，需要由有资质的医疗机构按照规范判断。     　　除了驾驶，还有不少职业对色觉设置了门槛。田磊总结，凡是“颜色本身就是安全信息”的岗位，通常都会对色觉提出更高要求，比如——      　　航空、航海、铁路交通类岗位：需要准确识别灯光、航标、铁路信号;      　　高风险工业岗位：依靠颜色判断仪表、线路、警示信号的操作岗;      　　专业辨色岗位：部分医学检验、化工、纺织、印刷、查验类岗位。     　　(注：不同岗位的限制程度不一，以对应行业的正式体检标准为准。

C | )      　　田磊介绍，日常筛查用假同色图足够高效。如果对结果有争议、需要明确诊断和分型，眼科还有更精细的复核手段，比如色相排列、异常三色镜等方法。     　　重要提醒，驾照体检等正式的色觉检测，一定要以有资质医疗机构的规范结果为准，不要仅凭网上一张图、一个手机App就自行下结论。如果对自测结果有疑问，前往正规医院眼科做专业复核即可。

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