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Winter is Coming: German Economy Doomed in Wake of Anti-Russian Sanctions, Scholars Say_我的网站

A |     受访Grab和Gojek平台的私召车司机表示，在过去六个月，他们感觉到收入减少了。对此，Grab表示，这种情况是季节性的。新传媒英文新闻网站CNA 采访了八名私召车司机，根据报道，Grab或Gojek的私召车司机都认为车费下降，导致收入减少。另外有三名只使用TADA平台的私召车司机则表示，他们未见收入下降。

B | TADA采用的营运模式是零佣金模式。    While Germany's producer prices observe the biggest rise since records began in 1949, the index has also shown the biggest month-on-month increase, leaping 5.3% from June to July.,"The outlook for the further development [of the economy] is currently noticeably gloomy," and marked by "a high degree of uncertainty," Germany's Finance Ministry said in its August monthly report, quoted by Reuters.,"We have something like a tsunami coming," said Florian Josef Hoffmann, former president of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce East Thuringia and author of "Occupy Economics." "It’s calm water, everything goes slowly down. For example, furniture retail has completely stopped and other things are going down, too. Everything goes slower step by step. But the disaster comes, as I told you, in autumn. And that will be very bad. I can't imagine that this economy can easily survive this really critical situation.",Germans have been experiencing some pre-existing domestic problems as the government turned down nuclear and coal plants in order to switch over to gas and renewables, he noted. However, anti-Russian sanctions which included a sweeping energy embargo "create a real huge problem for the economy because it is based on the cheap Russian gas and now it's cut down by the own will of the government," according to Hoffmann.,"They cut down the gas import [from Russia]," he explained. "So the whole strategy of the past is ruined, and that's the problem. And that makes for great uncertainty because more or less the ship runs against the ice mountain. It's more than uncertainty; I see even the crash coming along for the German economy, not only because of these sanctions, but because of the consequences of the sanctions.",Energy Crisis in EuropeEU Will Not Replace Russian Gas in Full If Nord Stream 1 Remains Shut, Expert Says19 July, 18:20 GMT,The Russo-German chill started with Berlin suspending the Nord Stream 2 project on February 22, 2022. Moscow launched a special military operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine two days later, after the US, NATO and the EU defied Russia's draft security agreements envisaging ending the transatlantic military alliance's expansion and deployment in Ukraine.,In the aftermath of the operation, the US and its NATO allies have introduced several packages of sanctions. The EU pledged to end its dependence on Russian fossil fuels before 2030, following in Washington and London's footsteps. In April, Brussels laid out targets to slash its demand for Russian natural gas by two-thirds by the end of 2022.,Western sanctions also complicated Gazprom's maintenance of the existing Nord Stream 1 infrastructure. The Russian company was forced to reduce shipments via the network in mid-June over delays in the repair of a Siemens-built high-pressure gas pumping turbine in Canada. Ottawa deliberately delayed the return of the turbine, which had undergone maintenance work, back to Europe, citing anti-Russian sanctions. To make matters worse, the Canadian side did not provide proper documentation for the turbine which resulted in further delays. In late July, Gazprom said that it had to stop the operation of another Siemens gas turbine engine for maintenance, which prompted western press to groundlessly claim that Russia was deliberately cutting gas supplies to Europe.,Berlin's energy policy is dictated from Washington for the detriment of the people of Germany, according to Dr. Christian Blex, an AfD lawmaker from the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia.,"The sanctions that the hypermoral German government in particular is repeatedly demanding are therefore particularly bad for our country," he said. "Any responsible government would base its actions on the well-being of its own people rather than acting as a vassal of the US.",Energy Crisis in EuropeGermany Should Immediately Launch Nord Stream 2, Bundestag Vice Speaker Says08:42 GMT,Biggest Problems Coming in Autumn, Winter,As of yet, the negative impact of sanctions is not particularly felt by ordinary Germans, according to the observers.,"At the moment we don't feel anything. Big bills are only announced and haven't yet reached the consumers," said Hoffmann. "But the announcements are that the energy prices will go up three to five fold, for many people [this will be] simply unpayable. That’s what is going to come in autumn. Ordinary people prepare by buying canned food or wood or gas stoves. What I also know is, for instance, that not only the ordinary people, but also the cities are preparing. The city of Dusseldorf is cutting down the heating of all gangways in their administration facilities. They are cutting the temperature down from 21 degrees centigrade to 19 or even 17, closing saunas and heating outside swimming pools. They are cutting down lights on public buildings.",While the people are not yet in panic, the German authorities are, according to Hoffmann.,"The government is talking about reducing the turnover tax for gas from 19% to 7% and they are trying to reduce the tax load for pensioners and other instruments to calm down the people," he noted. "But it's ridiculous what they plan when you look at the task of breaking a huge breakdown of the economy. It's only peanuts.",Meanwhile, businesses are expecting climbing power prices, and they are already thinking about how to compensate for that, according to him.,"The German economy looks to the future with serious concerns," echoed Blex. "In contrast to many citizens, business knows exactly what the energy crisis will bring. In public, however, criticism is heard only hesitantly. Fear of green politics and the media is still very great. As the suffering increases, the criticism will become louder… The biggest problems are coming up for the ordinary people with the inflation of food prices and extremely with the power costs. It will hit the poor, the low income class, those who will have to pay not 40, 50 or 60 euros per month for their power, but 200, 400 or even 500. That will make them not only hungry but upset.",WorldGerman Craftsmen Urge Chancellor Scholz to Scrap Sanctions Against Russia13:40 GMT,The AfD lawmaker expects a worsening recession with industrial production falling noticeably in Germany. He forecasts that short-time work will be reintroduced, adding that retailers are already noticing that more and more Germans are making significant savings. After all, the German national debt will continue to rise rapidly, according to him.,For his part, Hoffmann does not rule out that the people will eventually take to the streets en masse, stressing that the German government has already been preparing for this scenario.,"Our Ministry of Defense is preparing a special task force of 1900 soldiers, which have to keep peace within the country," he said. "This is an incredible decision. Our Bundeswehr is an army solely for defense against attacks from the outside. This basic rule is now broken, which means we are now in a totalitarian regime which has no respect for laws and our Constitution. They simply do what they want including censorship. And as one can see, they are preparing for a revolution.",Hoffmann cites German Chancellor Olaf Scholz as saying that the country's forces won't shoot at the people. However, the author expresses skepticism about Scholz' pledge: "It is like 'nobody wants to build a wall' in 1961 and then it was built some weeks later. So, the situation is disastrous," he concluded.。56岁的Grab司机Lee Chin Chye说，他过去每天工作十小时能赚取300元至500元，但从六个月前开始，收入开始减少，即便工作时间不变，他的收入减少约10%。李先生将原因指向Grab，认为是因为平台的车费降低导致收入减少。他说：“平台与平台之间的竞争，以及乘客需求下降，对收入有很大的影响。”车费是否被降低？Grab和Gojek受询时未就此作出回应。根据数据平台Measurable AI的数据，在本地五个私召车平台中，Grab在2022年占据新加坡私召车平台市场的50.2%，居于主导地位。

C | 其次是Gojek，占17.7%；ComfortDelGro占15.1%；TADA占11.1%；Ryde则占5.9%。收入减少 私召车司机感担忧 收入下降的问题令许多私召车司机，尤其是年轻或有财务负担的私召车司机们感到担忧。一名匿名的31岁Gojek私召车司机表示，他的收入减少了10%，但目前他没有打算放弃当私召车司机。他因工伤失去了之前的工作，过去五年一直靠当私召车司机，养活五个孩子。

D | 另一名56岁Grab司机李先生则面临更大压力。过去六个月里，他的收入下降约20%。他表示，过去每天工作十小时可赚取约300新元，如今则仅有约250新元。他感叹道：“我要减少出行和在餐馆用餐的次数。物价在上涨，但我的收入似乎在下降。有时一个月一次，我不得不借个人贷款来维持生活开支。”他说，生活成本的上升，尤其是油价的上涨，让情况变得更加糟糕，这对司机而言简直是双重打击。Grab：收入下降 受供需平衡影响 Grab发言人表示，私召车司机收入的下降主要受供需平衡影响，并会因季节和活动的变化而波动。在需求高峰期，例如节日或重大活动期间，整个行业的车费和收入通常会上升。发言人指出，今年1月和2月期间，由于新年和农历新年的节日效应，以及第一季度的多场大型演唱会带动了高需求和高车费。例如，在今年3月，美国流行女歌手泰勒丝（Taylor Swift）的“时代巡回演唱会”（Eras Tour）吸引了超过36万8000名观众，其中许多是游客。Grab表示，需求通常会在6月公立学校假期和7月至8月国际学校假期期间下降，因为更多人选择在此期间离开新加坡出国旅行。这是一年一度的常规现象。发言人也表示，未来几个月，司机可能会看到更多的乘客需求。“随着学校假期结束，我们已经看到需求回升，并预计在下半年在更多大型活动（如F1比赛）举行前，需求将进一步增加。”平台之间的竞争是否导致车费下降？ 私召车司机的收入下降并不是因为司机人数增加。陆路交通管理局的数据显示，从1月到6月，私召车司机的职业执照数量从5万4054个略微下降到5万3536个。司机们更关心的是私召车平台公司之间的竞争。一名67岁的Grab私召车司机表示：“我相信这些科技公司试图相互竞争，但在这样做的过程中，他们把自己的利益置于司机的利益之上。

E | ”另一位同时通过TADA和Grab平台提供服务的72岁司机陈先生表示，随着竞争的加剧，车费降低是自然而然的事情。他说：“你不能期望收取高额车费，否则谁愿意乘坐？大家都有TADA、Ryde、Grab，他们可以搜索最低价格。

F | ”通过TADA平台提供服务的私召车司机表示，他们的收入并未变化。他们表示，尽管平台较小，接到的订单也较少，但由他们采用这个平台是因为于无需支付TADA佣金。然而，一名55岁的兼职司机吴先生认为，零佣金模式可能不会长期存在。他说：“我现在享受这种模式，但我不认为这个模式会一直这样下去，除非TADA找到其他盈利途径。

G | ”他还补充说，私召车公司通常会提供奖励以吸引私召车司司机加入，但这些奖励会随着私召车司司机经验的增加而减少。

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