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电子特气龙头半年报“悲喜不相通”：华特气体营收净利双升、金宏气体增收不增利_我的网站

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Tian Xuan Photo: Courtesy of Tian
In economic theory, "overcapacity" - for which no universally accepted definition exists - is inherently a recurring feature of the market economy's dynamic "balance - imbalance - rebalance" cycle. The Western narrative that equates China's sizable production capacity directly with "overcapacity" defies economic logic and rigor; in reality, it represents a politicization of trade and economic issues.
First, it confuses the concepts of "capacity scale" and "overcapacity." China's overall industrial capacity utilization remains within a reasonable range. Periodically lower utilization in traditional sectors reflects a normal adjustment as these industries advance toward high-end, intelligent, and green production. Ample capacity in certain emerging industries is precisely what meets surging global demand for high-end, smart, and green solutions. Therefore, equating scale with excess is typical equivocation.
Second, "overcapacity" itself is a dynamic feature of market economies, where no fixed balance persists indefinitely. Judging capacity based solely on static snapshots violates basic economic principles.
Third, it is erroneous to simplistically link trade surpluses or industrial subsidies to overcapacity, while ignoring the macro context of global specialization and cross-border savings-investment structures. It also disregards the reality that reasonable capacity utilization ranges differ across economies at varying stages of development. Imposing a single standard on China is neither scientific nor rigorous.
China's global competitiveness in green technology stems from sustained, large-scale investment in innovation, a comprehensive industrial and supply chain system, massive application scenarios, and intense market competition - not from alleged government subsidies. After decades of long-cycle R&D, Chinese industries have achieved breakthroughs in core technologies such as power batteries and photovoltaic modules.
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-25), China's nationwide R&D spending grew at an average annual rate of 10 percent. Economies of scale have continuously diluted production costs. China's ultra-large domestic market and full-chain supporting ecosystem provide an optimal testing ground for new technologies - from pilot verification to mass deployment. With more than 200 million market entities driving fierce competition, enterprises are constantly compelled to cut costs, raise efficiency, and upgrade products, thereby forging dual advantages in price and performance that we see today.
There is no direct causation between subsidies and overcapacity. Industrial subsidies are a globally recognized practice, typically aimed at correcting market failures and advancing critical technologies. China's subsidies are granted on an impartial basis to all types of market entities, in full compliance with WTO rules, and have not triggered disorderly capacity expansion.
Currently, capacity utilization in China's green industries remains within a reasonable range. Support is primarily directed toward R&D, technological breakthroughs, and consumer-side incentives through market-based mechanisms - not toward fueling overcapacity. Crucially, China's high-quality capacity has reduced the global cost of green transition, representing an opportunity rather than a shock to world development.
Against the backdrop of global carbon neutrality goals, labeling China's new energy capacity as "overcapacity" is entirely untenable. According to the International Energy Agency, global data center electricity consumption will approach 1 trillion kWh by 2030, with 40 percent of incremental power needing to come from renewables. Demand for wind power, photovoltaics, power batteries, and related green energy solutions remains far from saturated - so claims of "overcapacity" are groundless.
China's capacity plays a central role in advancing the global energy transition. Over the past decade, the levelized cost of electricity from wind and solar globally has fallen by more than 60 percent and 80 percent respectively - improvements largely attributable to Chinese innovation and manufacturing, which have directly lowered the cost threshold for worldwide green transformation.
The US journal Science crowned the global renewable energy surge led by China among its Top 10 Breakthroughs of 2025. Leveraging its technological and scale advantages, China is well positioned to supply abundant, high-quality green energy equipment and solutions, meet fast-growing renewable demand from data centers, industrial production, and other sectors, and tangibly support countries in implementing the Paris Agreement. In short, China is a pivotal force driving the global low-carbon transition.
The so-called "China Shock 2.0" is fundamentally a protectionist narrative rooted in Cold War thinking - a politically motivated claim inconsistent with facts. The rapid development of China's modern industries is driven by innovation and sustained institutional reform, not by dumping allegedly excess capacity abroad. Rather than posing a shock, China's industrial progress offers a "China Opportunity 2.0." It delivers multiple dividends to global development - innovation dividends, market dividends, and growth dividends - while injecting stability and vitality into global industrial chains through an open and win-win approach.
China's high-quality green and high-tech exports have tangibly accelerated the global green transition and reduced production costs worldwide. Meanwhile, as the world's largest goods consumption market and the second-largest importer for 17 consecutive years, China provides enormous market opportunities for economies around the globe. Moreover, China's open-source collaboration and technology sharing in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence and the digital economy enable developing countries to bridge the digital divide at lower cost and share in the benefits of the technological revolution.
The facts demonstrate that China's emerging technologies and products represent a "China Opportunity 2.0" - driving global technological progress, accelerating the green transition, improving livelihoods across nations, and bolstering the industrialization of developing economies. This open and mutually beneficial cooperation stands as the true engine of global economic recovery and sustainable development.
This article is compiled based on an interview with Tian Xuan, dean at the Guanghua School of Management and Boya Distinguished Professor of Finance of Peking University. [email protected]

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B | K图 688268_0 K图 688106_0 　　8月25日晚间，国内两大电子特气头部企业华特气体、金宏气体同步披露2026年半年报。
　　由于业务布局、资产结构与盈利模型，两家企业业绩走势分化明显。　　今年上半年，华特气体实现营收8.72亿元，同比增长28.95%；净利润9283.27万元，同比增长19.16%；扣非净利润8994.42万元，同比增长19.29%。　　金宏气体上半年营收14.7亿元，同比增长12.1%；净利润6789万元，同比下降17.4%；扣非净利润仅1782万元，同比大幅下滑73.5%；经营活动现金流净额2.15亿元，同比增长19.3%。

C | 　　同样身处半导体本土化替代浪潮之下，两家行业龙头为何业绩表现出现有升有降？　　记者梳理发现，华特气体与金宏气体均深度受益半导体本土替代，也都把握住上半年全球氦气供需格局扰动带来的业务红利，但两家企业的业务发展路径已然走向分化。

D | 　　华特气体将核心资源聚焦高端半导体电子特种气体赛道，主业围绕特种气体研发、生产及销售展开，同时配套普通工业气体、气体设备与工程业务，打造气体综合解决方案。　　特种气体是华特气体第一大收入来源。

E | 报告期内，公司特种气体业务营收5.86亿元，同比增长38.56%；普通工业气体、设备工程业务协同配套，分别实现营收1.71亿元、9333.04万元，同比分别增长15.06%、15.15%。　　2026年上半年，受地缘政治因素扰动，全球氦气供需收紧、价格上行，成为两家企业共同的业绩催化剂。

F | 　　华特气体披露，报告期氦气及相关产品营收占总营收约20%，板块营收同比大增133%。不过公司也提示，氦气产品销售价格已较前期高点出现明显回落。

G | 　　产品端，华特气体国产化矩阵持续扩容，公司上市之初实现进口替代的产品为22款，现已增加至57款。重点攻坚光刻混合气、氟碳类等高附加值半导体特气，相关产品持续导入韩国、东南亚等地晶圆制造企业供应链。　　但规模扩张背后风险同样显现，华特气体应收账款持续走高。　　近三年一期，华特气体应收账款净额依次为3.2亿元、3.5亿元、3.7亿元、4.2亿元。公司称，为拓展市场对客户给予一定信用期，若下游半导体行业需求波动、中小客户现金流承压，公司或将面临应收账款坏账风险。　　《科创板日报》记者注意到，与华特气体不同，金宏气体定位高端气体全产业链综合服务商，走大宗气体与特种气体并行的平台化路线。　　该公司产品线覆盖较广，既布局超纯氨、高纯氧化亚氮等特种气体，也供应半导体电子大宗载气以及其他工业领域大宗气体，整体业务体量更大。　　收入结构上，大宗气体为金宏气体第一大收入来源，上半年实现营收6.17亿元，占总营收比重41.85%；此外，集成电路业务是重要增长引擎，上半年实现营收5.05亿元，同比增长29.56%，占总收入超三成。　　金宏气体同样吃到氦气涨价红利，报告期氦气业务营收同比增长140.53%，集成电路板块收入大幅抬升。但营收的高增，未能对冲电子大宗载气等业务带来的成本冲击，公司净利润依旧同比下滑17.4%。　　对于利润承压，金宏气体解释，前期逆势布局的项目陆续完工转固，折旧费用显著增加，拖累整体综合毛利率；同时电子大宗载气项目采用融资租赁模式，资产处置损益增加，推高本期非经常性损益。　　财报显示，金宏气体持续推进“大宗零售压舱石、特种气体潜力股、现场制气稳定器”的抗周期业务布局，希望通过多板块协同、长短周期匹配的产业结构，对冲行业阶段性波动。　　记者注意到，金宏气体重资产属性突出，依靠大规模资本开支实现规模扩张，公司“纵横”战略持续落地，资产与营收体量同步抬升。