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German exports to China fall over 12% in H1 as industrial upgrading reshapes trade structure; cooperation remains vital: expert_我的网站
A |
美国海军海上系统司令部近日宣布，美国海军“星座”级护卫舰首舰已在意大利芬坎蒂尼集团旗下的马里内特造船厂开工建造，预计2026年交付。美海军“星座”级护卫舰性能如何？美国为何时隔多年重新开建护卫舰？ 就相关话题，军事观察员周伟政 深入解析。
German exports to China fell year-on-year in the first half of 2026, pointing to a deeper restructuring of bilateral trade as China moves up the manufacturing value chain, Chinese analysts said. They also cautioned that the decline should not be read as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, given the deep economic ties and the continued benefits of cooperation for both sides.
Germany's first-half exports to China fell by more than 12 percent year-on-year to just under 37 billion euros ($43 billion), while imports from China rose 8.9 percent to 91.8 billion euros, according to data from Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI) cited by Reuters on Sunday. Germany's trade deficit with China widened to about 55 billion euros from 40 billion euros a year earlier, the report said.
Reuters cited Corinne Abele, GTAI's East Asia expert, as pointing to weaker domestic demand and the fact that German companies are increasingly producing inside China.
Commerzbank economist Vincent Stamer said that China's diminishing reliance on Germany showed that the country is becoming more independent of Western powers and catching up technologically, according to Reuters.
China has continued to strengthen its capabilities in sectors including new-energy vehicles, artificial intelligence and advanced manufacturing, enabling more products and technologies that previously depended on imports to be supplied domestically, Zhao Junjie, a senior research fellow at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Sunday.
"This means the structure of China-Germany trade is changing," Zhao said, noting that as Chinese industries move up the value chain, China's reliance on some German industrial products is declining, while Chinese companies are becoming more competitive in sectors where German manufacturers traditionally enjoyed strong advantages.
In a position paper released on July 28, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said that the rapid growth of China's modern industries is driven by innovation, with nationwide research and development (R&D) spending growing by an average of 10 percent annually during the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period.
The changing trade trend is also linked to Germany's own industrial competitiveness and policy environment, Zhao said, noting that high energy costs, demographic pressures and slower investment in some emerging technologies have weighed on the country's industrial upgrading and innovation.
At the same time, political and security considerations have increasingly shaped Germany's economic policy toward China, as Berlin has moved closer to the broader US and EU "de-risking" agenda, Zhao said.
"Such policies can be a double-edged sword, raising costs for German companies in China and disrupting bilateral economic cooperation while seeking to pressure Chinese industries."
However, it is notable that overall China-Germany trade remained substantial. Total bilateral trade exceeded 128 billion euros in the first half, about 3 billion euros more than Germany's trade with the US, according to Reuters.
China overtook the US as Germany's top trading partner in 2025 after US President Donald Trump launched sweeping protectionist tariffs that weighed on German exports to the US.
Falling German exports should not be seen as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, especially as bilateral ties are increasingly expanding beyond trade into investment, local production and R&D, analysts said.
German companies invested more than 7 billion euros in China in the first 11 months of 2025, up 55.5 percent from 4.5 billion euros in 2024 and 2023 and hitting a four-year high. German companies are bulking up their China business and adopting "China for China" production strategies partly to reduce exposure to possible tariffs and export restrictions, according to Reuters.
Major German companies are also deepening their presence in China. BASF's Verbund site in Zhanjiang, South China's Guangdong Province went fully operational in March with an investment of 8.7 billion euros, the largest single investment project wholly owned by a German enterprise in China, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
"China and Germany have developed deeply intertwined economic interests over many years," Zhao said. Rather than treating stronger Chinese industries as a reason to reduce cooperation, Germany should adapt to a relationship in which competition increasingly coexists with investment, innovation and industrial collaboration, he noted.
Recent high-level exchanges have also underscored the importance both sides attach to economic ties. During a meeting with German Economy Minister Katherina Reiche in May, Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng said that China and Germany are important economic and trade partners with a solid foundation, enormous potential and strong complementarity, calling on both sides to consolidate cooperation in traditional sectors and tap opportunities in emerging fields, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
Reiche said that the German business community remained confident about China's economic prospects and innovation capabilities and would continue to deepen cooperation, Xinhua reported.
The two sides have also moved to strengthen institutional mechanisms. China and Germany agreed to restart the China-Germany Joint Economic Committee and establish two new working groups on trade and investment and industrial cooperation, according to the MOFCOM.
。“星座”级护卫舰是美海军最新一代护卫舰，该型舰舰长约150米，宽约19米，满载排水量7000吨左右，最高航速超26节。军事观察员周伟政认为，“星座”级护卫舰设计中规中矩，性能务实。周伟政： “星座”级护卫舰放弃了此前追求的“科幻”“超前”路线，显得更加务实。该型舰艇吨位较大，自持力和适航性强，适合远洋部署，防空反导能力突出，且具有较大改装潜力。由于采用了大量成熟技术装备，设计风险小，“星座”级护卫舰能够被以较快的速度批量建造。据了解，美国从上世纪90年代开始，逐步减少护卫舰的数量。
B |
German exports to China fell year-on-year in the first half of 2026, pointing to a deeper restructuring of bilateral trade as China moves up the manufacturing value chain, Chinese analysts said. They also cautioned that the decline should not be read as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, given the deep economic ties and the continued benefits of cooperation for both sides.
Germany's first-half exports to China fell by more than 12 percent year-on-year to just under 37 billion euros ($43 billion), while imports from China rose 8.9 percent to 91.8 billion euros, according to data from Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI) cited by Reuters on Sunday. Germany's trade deficit with China widened to about 55 billion euros from 40 billion euros a year earlier, the report said.
Reuters cited Corinne Abele, GTAI's East Asia expert, as pointing to weaker domestic demand and the fact that German companies are increasingly producing inside China.
Commerzbank economist Vincent Stamer said that China's diminishing reliance on Germany showed that the country is becoming more independent of Western powers and catching up technologically, according to Reuters.
China has continued to strengthen its capabilities in sectors including new-energy vehicles, artificial intelligence and advanced manufacturing, enabling more products and technologies that previously depended on imports to be supplied domestically, Zhao Junjie, a senior research fellow at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Sunday.
"This means the structure of China-Germany trade is changing," Zhao said, noting that as Chinese industries move up the value chain, China's reliance on some German industrial products is declining, while Chinese companies are becoming more competitive in sectors where German manufacturers traditionally enjoyed strong advantages.
In a position paper released on July 28, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said that the rapid growth of China's modern industries is driven by innovation, with nationwide research and development (R&D) spending growing by an average of 10 percent annually during the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period.
The changing trade trend is also linked to Germany's own industrial competitiveness and policy environment, Zhao said, noting that high energy costs, demographic pressures and slower investment in some emerging technologies have weighed on the country's industrial upgrading and innovation.
At the same time, political and security considerations have increasingly shaped Germany's economic policy toward China, as Berlin has moved closer to the broader US and EU "de-risking" agenda, Zhao said.
"Such policies can be a double-edged sword, raising costs for German companies in China and disrupting bilateral economic cooperation while seeking to pressure Chinese industries."
However, it is notable that overall China-Germany trade remained substantial. Total bilateral trade exceeded 128 billion euros in the first half, about 3 billion euros more than Germany's trade with the US, according to Reuters.
China overtook the US as Germany's top trading partner in 2025 after US President Donald Trump launched sweeping protectionist tariffs that weighed on German exports to the US.
Falling German exports should not be seen as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, especially as bilateral ties are increasingly expanding beyond trade into investment, local production and R&D, analysts said.
German companies invested more than 7 billion euros in China in the first 11 months of 2025, up 55.5 percent from 4.5 billion euros in 2024 and 2023 and hitting a four-year high. German companies are bulking up their China business and adopting "China for China" production strategies partly to reduce exposure to possible tariffs and export restrictions, according to Reuters.
Major German companies are also deepening their presence in China. BASF's Verbund site in Zhanjiang, South China's Guangdong Province went fully operational in March with an investment of 8.7 billion euros, the largest single investment project wholly owned by a German enterprise in China, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
"China and Germany have developed deeply intertwined economic interests over many years," Zhao said. Rather than treating stronger Chinese industries as a reason to reduce cooperation, Germany should adapt to a relationship in which competition increasingly coexists with investment, innovation and industrial collaboration, he noted.
Recent high-level exchanges have also underscored the importance both sides attach to economic ties. During a meeting with German Economy Minister Katherina Reiche in May, Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng said that China and Germany are important economic and trade partners with a solid foundation, enormous potential and strong complementarity, calling on both sides to consolidate cooperation in traditional sectors and tap opportunities in emerging fields, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
Reiche said that the German business community remained confident about China's economic prospects and innovation capabilities and would continue to deepen cooperation, Xinhua reported.
The two sides have also moved to strengthen institutional mechanisms. China and Germany agreed to restart the China-Germany Joint Economic Committee and establish two new working groups on trade and investment and industrial cooperation, according to the MOFCOM.
。“星座”级护卫舰是美海军最新一代护卫舰，该型舰舰长约150米，宽约19米，满载排水量7000吨左右，最高航速超26节。军事观察员周伟政认为，“星座”级护卫舰设计中规中矩，性能务实。周伟政： “星座”级护卫舰放弃了此前追求的“科幻”“超前”路线，显得更加务实。该型舰艇吨位较大，自持力和适航性强，适合远洋部署，防空反导能力突出，且具有较大改装潜力。由于采用了大量成熟技术装备，设计风险小，“星座”级护卫舰能够被以较快的速度批量建造。据了解，美国从上世纪90年代开始，逐步减少护卫舰的数量。
C | 自从最后一艘“佩里”级护卫舰退役至今，美国已近十年没有护卫舰了。军事观察员周伟政分析，美国重新批量建造护卫舰与其强力推行“大国竞争”战略密切相关。
周伟政：美国停止建造和使用护卫舰是因为冷战后，美国海军自认为，已没有能与之抗衡的海上力量了。
D |
美国的军事战略从“争夺制海权”转变为“由海制陆”“前沿存在”，重点打造偏重于对陆打击的“朱姆沃尔特”级驱逐舰以及濒海战斗舰。美国重新开建新护卫舰，最根本的原因是美国军事战略、海军战略再次转型，要打所谓的“大国高端战争”，与地区强国争夺制海权。 加上美国到处推行所谓“航行自由”“军事存在”，迫切需要新型护卫舰承担低烈度条件下的常规任务。据报道，美海军计划总共建造20艘“星座”级护卫舰。军事观察员周伟政分析，美国加紧全球海上扩张但力有不逮，批量建造“星座”级护卫舰就是为了避免老旧舰艇退役后美海军面临“无舰可用”的尴尬。周伟政：由于面临多型舰艇逐步退出现役的状况，美国海军计划采购20艘“星座”级护卫舰，与下一代万吨级DDG(X)驱逐舰配套，作为航母编队的属舰， 承担编队防空反潜任务，同时也可能会以单舰或小编队形式，前往热点区域，承担军演、护航、巡逻等任务。军事观察周伟政指出，由于资金难保障和建造能力不足，“星座”级护卫舰能否如期完成批量建造计划，还存在很大不确定性。周伟政：美国计划一口气建造多艘新型护卫舰，难度比较大。
E |
一方面，“星座”级护卫舰单舰造价高达16亿美元，一下子采购20艘，美国国会愿不愿意拨款很难说。另一方面，美国造船厂的能力早已经不复当年，建造新舰的速度赶不上老舰退役的速度，而且造船厂的产能也不是单靠财政拨款就能短期内提升的。如此看来，美国海军的造舰计划，面临很大的不确定性。Current article:http://4b7mdr.aiwengchuanzuodahuai.shop/pqwkrj/y6vk09l.html
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